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考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,看到知識(shí)點(diǎn),都是先收藏再說(shuō)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過(guò)練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。你知道哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)是真正對(duì)我們有幫助的嗎?以下是小編幫大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句,僅供參考,大家一起來(lái)看看吧。

考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句
1.一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句要倒裝
例如:
Shall I open the door? 要我開(kāi)門(mén)嗎?
Are you cold? 你冷嗎?
Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語(yǔ)朗誦這首詩(shī)嗎?
Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫(huà)?
How are you getting along? 你目前怎么樣?
When will there be lasting peace in the world?
什么時(shí)候世界上才能有持久的和平?
2.There be 句型當(dāng)中。There be 句型表達(dá)的意思是:“某處有….”。這個(gè)句型的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面,因此這是倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看這本書(shū)的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在這個(gè)洞里曾經(jīng)住過(guò)一群狼。
There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.
碰巧門(mén)口停著一輛出租車(chē)。
There is going to be a change in our arrangement.
我們的安排將有一個(gè)變化。
3.當(dāng)連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),句子要倒裝,as 相當(dāng)于though,可以替換。
如:
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
盡管原子很小,我們可以擊碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
雖然他很累,他還是接著工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷,我們還是出去了。
Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她雖然是個(gè)孩子,但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.
盡管他是個(gè)老師,但不懂什么教學(xué)。
Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.
盡管他聲稱(chēng)是個(gè)飛行員,但誰(shuí)也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他非飛機(jī)。
注意后四句是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語(yǔ)并提前,習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中的if 被省略時(shí),要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語(yǔ)之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should這三個(gè)詞時(shí)。)
例如:
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置,我不會(huì)這樣早放棄。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
=Were he to succeed, the sun….
如果他能成功,太陽(yáng)就會(huì)從西邊出來(lái)。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say……
如果有人問(wèn)起你這件事,你就說(shuō)你什么也不知道。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果沒(méi)有空氣和水,地球上就不會(huì)有生命。
Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.
如果你再細(xì)心點(diǎn),本來(lái)事可以避免這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的。
5.以so開(kāi)頭的,表示“也一樣”,“也這樣”的句子要倒裝。So 用于肯定句,代替上文中的形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞,通常指前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適用于其他人或物。結(jié)構(gòu)是“so + be (do, have 其他助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)”。
如:
Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.
生產(chǎn)不斷發(fā)展,人們的生活水平也一樣。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會(huì)變了,
社會(huì)上的人也變了。
Coal is under the ground, and so is oil. 煤在地底下,石油也是。
He saw it, and so did I. 他看見(jiàn)了,我也看見(jiàn)了。
They can swim now, and so can we. 他們現(xiàn)在能游泳,我們也能。
We must start for the work-site now. So must you.
我們?cè)搫?dòng)身去工地了,你們也該
關(guān)于考研英語(yǔ)的倒裝句難點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)",這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序或自然語(yǔ)序(normal word order),如果把謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分置于主語(yǔ)之前,就稱(chēng)為倒裝語(yǔ)序(inverted word order),當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前,稱(chēng)為全部倒裝(full inversion);當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)一部分(如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前,稱(chēng)為部分倒裝(partial inversion)。
一、全部倒裝
。ㄒ唬﹖here be句型
有時(shí)一些表示存在意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可用于該句型,如:stand,lie,exist,live, remain,appear,come,happen,occur,rise等。
例句:Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (選自2007年Use of English)
分析:該句是復(fù)合句,其中a belief與that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互為同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系,形容詞短語(yǔ)large enough to be...作定語(yǔ)修飾states。
譯文:他們普遍認(rèn)為新生的國(guó)家是擁有主權(quán)和完全獨(dú)立的國(guó)家,大到經(jīng)濟(jì)上可運(yùn)行良好,并由一套共同法律讓各個(gè)新的獨(dú)立國(guó)家聯(lián)合起來(lái)。
。ǘ┍硎痉较、地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)等詞置于句首
here, there, up, down, away, in, out, off等位于句首時(shí),往往主謂倒裝。
例句:Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.
(選自2002年Text 1)
分析:該句是復(fù)合句,which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修飾story。
譯文:舉個(gè)例子,在一次護(hù)士大會(huì)上,我聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)效果很理想的幽默故事,因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾都對(duì)醫(yī)生持有相同的看法。
。ㄈ┳鞅碚Z(yǔ)的形容詞或分詞置于句首
例句:Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.
分析:該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,aged 75修飾an old man,作后置定語(yǔ)。
譯文:一位75歲高齡的老人躺在樹(shù)下,已經(jīng)不省人事。
二、部分倒裝
。ㄒ唬┓穸ㄔ~或具有(半)否定意義的詞或詞組置于句首作狀語(yǔ)
如:never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no sooner...than, hardly...when,scarcely...when (before), not only, in no case (in no way, at no time, on no account, by no means,under no circumstances,in no respects)(決不,在任何情況下都不), no longer/no more (不再)。
例句: Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,and前是一復(fù)合句,定語(yǔ)從句by which...修飾the means,后一分句中never置于句首引起倒裝。
譯文: 電視是制造和表達(dá)這些情緒的方式之一,在加強(qiáng)不同民族和國(guó)家之間的聯(lián)系方面,電視也許還從來(lái)沒(méi)有像在歐洲事務(wù)中那樣起過(guò)如此大的作用。
。ǘ﹐nly+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句(句首狀語(yǔ)由only修飾)
例句:Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (選自2004年P(guān)art B)
分析:該句是復(fù)合句,that were very different from their own是修飾languages的定語(yǔ)從句。
譯文:直到最近,語(yǔ)言學(xué)家才開(kāi)始認(rèn)真研究與他們自己所掌握的完全不同的語(yǔ)言。
例句:Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
。20xx年第47題)
分析:該句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列簡(jiǎn)單句,兩個(gè)分句都是以only開(kāi)頭的倒裝句,在前一分句中,主干部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted,only gradually修飾noted;在后一分句中,主干是this effect was considered...,其中only more gradually修飾considered, as a directive factor作主語(yǔ)this effect的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ)in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定語(yǔ),考研英語(yǔ)《考研英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn):輕松搞定倒裝句》。
譯文: 人們只是逐漸地認(rèn)識(shí)到制度這一副產(chǎn)品,而在運(yùn)行這種制度的過(guò)程中,認(rèn)識(shí)到這種效果具有指導(dǎo)性作用的時(shí)間則更加緩慢。
。ㄈl件從句中省略if
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,條件從句if省略時(shí),倒裝到主語(yǔ)前的是助動(dòng)詞should,had和系動(dòng)詞were。
例句:Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family run enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13題)
分析:該句是復(fù)合句,were the Times Co. to purchase是一省略if的倒裝句,that it could dramatically...enterprise是doubt的同位語(yǔ),而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是修飾enterprise的定語(yǔ)從句。
譯文:如果時(shí)代公司要收購(gòu)另一家主流媒體公司的話,那仍舊靠報(bào)紙獲得90%收入的家族式企業(yè)的模式肯定會(huì)遭到它大刀闊斧的改革。
例句:Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10題)
分析:該句是復(fù)合句,had it not been...是一個(gè)省略if的倒裝從句,整個(gè)句子表示混合式虛擬語(yǔ)氣,主句表示與現(xiàn)在相反假設(shè),從句表示與過(guò)去相反假設(shè)。
譯文:要不是公眾及時(shí)投資,我們公司不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這么繁榮。
。ㄋ模┢渌糠值寡b情況
表示前面陳述的情況適合于后者,前面是肯定句,后面用so引導(dǎo);前面是否定句,后面用neither或nor引導(dǎo),省略倒裝句中的助動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式上與前面句子保持一致。
例句:Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (選自2005年Text 4)
分析:該句是由nor引導(dǎo)的并列句。whether in speech or in writing的完整形式是whether they are in speech or in writing,表示讓步;介詞短語(yǔ)with skill and gift在句中作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞command。
譯文:美國(guó)人不再期望公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)可以嫻熟地運(yùn)用技巧和文采來(lái)掌握英語(yǔ),而人們本身也不這樣要求自己。
。ㄎ澹﹕o...that結(jié)構(gòu)
so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,"so+狀語(yǔ)"位于句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),使用倒裝。
例句:So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
。2001年第6題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that leaders at summer computer camps...是一結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,so involved with...置于句首引起倒裝。
譯文: 孩子們對(duì)電腦如此著迷,以至于電腦夏令營(yíng)的組織者們不得不強(qiáng)迫他們停下來(lái)做一些體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和游戲。
(六)not until置于句首
not until置于句首時(shí),連詞until引導(dǎo)的從句主謂不倒裝,但主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)必須倒裝。
例句: Not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。由于not until置于句首,主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒裝句。
譯文: 只有及時(shí)還書(shū)給圖書(shū)館,你才不會(huì)受罰。
。ㄆ撸゛s,though,no matter how,however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
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