2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《衛(wèi)生B》補(bǔ)全短文試題與答案
補(bǔ)全短文
part A
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic (電磁的) radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated,he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated (傳播) among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation.
According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day.2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density (密度)residential areas. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500-metre radius of school grounds, child care centres,hospitals, sports playing fields ( 隔離屏 ) and residential areas with a high percentage of children.
4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates (加速，加快) .
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.
Besides, he also urges the government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
A. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.
B. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.
C. "If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised," he said.
D. Then who finances the research?
E. For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard (不顧) the need of the community.
F. The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.
part B
Rising Tuition in the U.S.
Every Spring, U.S. university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget.
They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and conclude -- it seems, inevitably -- that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up.
According to the U.S.'s College Board, the price of attending a four-year private university in the U.S.rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004. 1 In 2005 and 2006, the numbers continued to rise.
According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year," said the university's president, Dr Bill Brown. "Student tuition pays for 78percent of the university's operating costs." Brown's school is a private university that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like U. S. News,
and World Report's and The Princeton Review 's. 2
Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's board of trustees (董事) .3 This board oversees (監(jiān)管) all of a state's public institutions.
John Durham, assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University (ECU),explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free. Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education.4 State residents attending ECU pay about U.S. $10,000 for tuition, room and board before financial aid.
Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news.
Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, U.S. students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible (有資格的 ) for grants or loans. 5
A. The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much.
B. At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a State education committee, sometimes called the board of governors.
C. The school currently charges U.S. $23,410 a year for tuition.
D. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.
E. That's more than double the rate of inflation.
F. The state government covers the rest.
part C
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000years, and it seems like that 1. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the trne pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, 2. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 3. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids 4. However,there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 5. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rnles had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.
A. for stone to use in modern buildings
B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C. before they could begin to build
D. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E. while building the pyramids
F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
答案與解析
part A
1.C。本段講的是手機(jī)輻射，而其空白處講的是Robert參加了一個(gè)有關(guān)低輻射對(duì)健康的影響的會(huì)議，所以緊接著說(shuō)的還是有關(guān)輻射的，所以答案選c。
2.B。空白處前面一句介紹了澳大利亞擁有手機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀，后面談?wù)摰膽?yīng)該還是澳大利亞的情況，所以選B，即對(duì)到2000年年底之前手機(jī)發(fā)展前景的預(yù)測(cè)，內(nèi)容上保持了連貫。
3.E。這一段的第一句說(shuō)的是，許多微波發(fā)射塔建在人口稠密的居民區(qū)。選項(xiàng)E的內(nèi)容涉及微波發(fā)射塔的地點(diǎn)選擇只考慮到地理位置，而不顧及公眾的需求。選項(xiàng)E擴(kuò)展了第一句表達(dá)的信息。此外，選項(xiàng)E中出現(xiàn)了tower這個(gè)詞，與第一句的tower相呼應(yīng)。
4.A�？瞻滋幥懊嬉痪湔f(shuō)的是Robert Bell建議政府應(yīng)該禁止在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)、兒童日托中心、醫(yī)院、運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所以及兒童占比例較高的場(chǎng)所方圓500米范圍內(nèi)建發(fā)射塔。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)明要這樣做的原因，因而是答案。
5.D�？瞻滋幒竺嬉痪湔f(shuō)的是major telephone companies出錢(qián)資助研究項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容，提示D是正確答案，在內(nèi)容上保持了連貫。
part B
1.E�？崭袂懊嬉痪湓�(huà)講的是1993年到2004年問(wèn)四年制私立大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)上漲的情況，后面一句講的是2005年和2006年的漲價(jià)情況，兩句話(huà)之間在時(shí)間上已經(jīng)連續(xù)。所以要填入的內(nèi)容很可能是對(duì)學(xué)費(fèi)漲價(jià)的一種說(shuō)明或比較。在六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，E把學(xué)費(fèi)上漲的幅度和同期的通貨膨脹率做了一個(gè)比較，說(shuō)明學(xué)費(fèi)的上漲率超過(guò)了通脹率。
2.c。這一段的后半段講的是Cedarville University的收費(fèi)和支出情況。在六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C以The school開(kāi)頭，也就是說(shuō)這句話(huà)是針對(duì)某一所大學(xué)的。就其內(nèi)容而言，也符合本段的需要。
3.B。這個(gè)不長(zhǎng)的一段先講了私立大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)是怎么定的。選項(xiàng)B講的是公立大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)是怎么定的，中問(wèn)還包含了however這個(gè)詞，表示了轉(zhuǎn)折，既然講過(guò)私立，下面應(yīng)該就要講公立了。故選B。
4.F。這段講的是州政府對(duì)大學(xué)的投入。按理，一個(gè)州的公共機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該盡可能為這個(gè)州的居民提供免費(fèi)的服務(wù)。北卡羅來(lái)納州的居民只支付教育費(fèi)用的22%，下面一句話(huà)自然就該講州政府出多少錢(qián)了。
5.A。文章的最后一段講的是學(xué)生如何向聯(lián)邦政府申請(qǐng)資助，空格的前一句話(huà)說(shuō)聯(lián)邦政府決定學(xué)生是否有資格申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金或貸款，然后該申請(qǐng)送到學(xué)生所在的學(xué)校，由學(xué)校決定該學(xué)生是否可以得到資助。
part C
1.F。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義，此處填入“金字塔似乎還能堅(jiān)持?jǐn)?shù)千年”最合適。
2.A。此句主要講述的是那些去金字塔尋找現(xiàn)代建筑能使用的石頭材料的人破壞了金字塔。
3.B。此句在分析金字塔千年屹立不倒的原因——形狀。
4.D。上文有plan，根據(jù)重復(fù)原則，我們首先確定D可選，再通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)義能最終確定D為正確答案。
5.C。此句表達(dá)的是在開(kāi)始修金字塔之前，必須進(jìn)行數(shù)月仔細(xì)的計(jì)劃。
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